Classification of Antibiotics, Kinds, Types, List, Uses, Benefits, Side Effects

Classification of Antibiotics, Kinds, Types, List, Uses, Benefits, Side Effects 

- The following is a list, all kinds, types, or classes of antibiotics, sorted by class. Highest division is between bactericidal antibiotics and bacteriostatic antibiotics. Bactericidal kill bacteria directly while bacteriostatic prevent bacteria to cell division or reproduction. However, this classification is only based on the results of laboratory research. In practice, both the bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics to overcome bacterial infections.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_antibiotics

Mechanism of Action / How it Works

1 . Aminogliserida

amikacin

Amikin

To cope with infections caused by gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa main . Effective against anaerobic bacteria ( facultative anaerobes ) and tularemia .

hearing loss

vertigo

kidney damage

Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria ( some of which bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit ) , inhibiting the translocation of peptidyl - tRNA from the A -site to P -site and also cause reading errors RNA , so that bacteria can not synthesize proteins vital to its growth .

gentamicin

Garamycin

kanamycin

Kantrex

neomycin

Neo - Fradin [ 3 ]

netilmicin

Netromycin

tobramycin

Nebcin

paromomycin

Humatin

spectinomycin

Trobicin

Gonorrhoea ( gonorrhea )

Prevent cell division by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis .

2 . Ansamisin

geldanamycin

Antitumor antibiotics ( still under investigation )

Herbimycin

Rifaximin , streptomycin

XIFAXAN

Traveler's diarrhea ( diarrhea caused by long trips / tours ) caused by E. coli .

3 . Carbacephem

loracarbef

Lorabid

The use of antibiotics is not continued .

carbapenem

Ertapenem

Invanz

As bactericidal ( kills bacteria ) to gram positive and negative bacteria , therefore very useful to address the broad spectrum of bacteria .

Indigestion and diarrhea

nausea

convulsions

headache

Rashes and allergic reactions

doripenem

Doribax

Imipenem / cilastatin

Primaxin

meropenem

Merrem

4 . Cephalosporin ( first generation )

Cefadroxil

Duricef

Very effective to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria

Indigestion and diarrhea

Nausea ( if taken together with alcohol )

allergic reactions

Its mechanism of action is similar to beta - lactam antibiotics ( inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis ) that is by disrupting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall layer .

cefazolin

Ancef

Cefalotin or Cefalothin

Keflin ( its use was discontinued )

Cefalexin

Keflex

5 . Cephalosporin ( second generation )

cefaclor

Distaclor

Against gram-positive bacteria ( narrow scope ) and gram negative ( wide scope )

Indigestion and diarrhea

Nausea ( if taken together with alcohol )

allergic reactions

Its mechanism of action is similar to beta - lactam antibiotics ( inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis ) that is by disrupting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall layer .

Cefamandole

Mandol ( its use was discontinued )

cefoxitin

Mefoxin ( its use was discontinued )

Cefprozil

Cefzil

cefuroxime

Ceftin , Zinnat ( UK )

6 . Cephalosporin ( third generation )

cefixime

Suprax

Against gram-positive bacteria ( narrow scope ) and gram negative ( broad scope ) except Pseudomonas .

Indigestion and diarrhea

Nausea ( if taken together with alcohol )

allergic reactions

Its mechanism of action is similar to beta - lactam antibiotics ( inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis ) that is by disrupting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall layer .

cefdinir

Omnicef ​​, Cefdiel

Cefditoren

Spectracef

cefoperazone

Cefobid ( its use was discontinued )

cefotaxime

Claforan

cefpodoxime

Vantin

ceftazidime

Fortaz

ceftibuten

Cedax

Ceftizoxime

Cefizox ( its use was discontinued )

ceftriaxone

Rocephin

7 . Cephalosporin ( fourth generation )

Cefepime

Maxipime

Treat infections caused by Pseudomonas bacteria .

Indigestion and diarrhea

Nausea ( if taken together with alcohol )

allergic reactions

Its mechanism of action is similar to beta - lactam antibiotics ( inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis ) that is by disrupting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall layer .

8 . Cephalosporin ( fifth generation )

ceftaroline fosamil

Teflaro

To overcome MRSA ( Methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus )

Indigestion and diarrhea

allergic reactions

Its mechanism of action is similar to beta - lactam antibiotics ( inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis ) that is by disrupting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall layer .

ceftobiprole

Zeftera

To overcome MRSA ( Methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus )

Indigestion and diarrhea

Nausea ( if taken together with alcohol )

allergic reactions

9 . glycopeptides

teicoplanin

Targocid ( UK )

Active against Gram positive aerobic and anaerobic including MRSA , Vancomycin is used orally for the treatment of infections caused by Clostridium difficile

Inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan

vancomycin

Vancocin

Telavancin

Vibativ

10 . Linkosamida

clindamycin

Cleocin

Overcome the acute infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus , pneumonia ( lung inflammation ) , infection caused by streptococcus bacteria in patients who are allergic to penicillin , infections caused by anaerobic bacteria . Clindamycin can be used to treat acne .

pseudomembranous enterocolitis ( inflammation of the large intestine / colon )

Binding subunit 50S rRNA thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis .

lincomycin

Lincocin

11 . lipopeptide

daptomycin

Cubicin

Treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria .

Bind to the membrane so that the rapid depolarization . This causes the membrane potential ( change in electrical potential between the inside and outside of the cell ) to trigger the synthesis of RNA , DNA , and protein .

12 . macrolides

azithromycin

Zithromax , Sumamed , Xithrone

Treat infections caused by Staphylococcus , syphilis , upper respiratory tract infection ( ARI ) , lower respiratory tract infections , infections caused by mycoplasma , Lyme disease ( an infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia )

clarithromycin

Biaxin

dirithromycin

Dynabac

erythromycin

Erythocin , Erythroped

roxithromycin

troleandomycin

Tao

Nausea , vomiting , and diarrhea ( especially at higher doses ) ,

QT interval be long / long ( especially erythromycin ) . QT syndrome is a disorder of the heart elektrin system so that the heart beats faster .

jaundice

Inhibits bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes thereby inhibiting translocation of peptidyl tRNA .

telithromycin

monkey

Overcoming Pneumonia

Visual disturbances , liver toxicity . [ 4 ]

Spiramycin

Rovamycine

Infections in the mouth .

13 . Monobactam

aztreonam

Azactam

Its mechanism of action is similar to beta - lactam antibiotics ( inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis ) that is by disrupting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall layer .

14 . Nitrofuran

furazolidone

Furoxone

Addressing diarrhea or enteritis ( inflammation of the small intestine ) caused by bacteria or protozoa .

nitrofurantoin

Macrodantin , Macrobid

Urinary tract infection

15 . Oxazolidonona

linezolid

Zyvox

Posizolid

Phase II clinical trials

Treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to Vancomycin

Thrombocytopenia ( decreased number of blood keeping )

Peripheral neuropathy ( damage to nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system )

Inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the initiation stage .

Radezolid

Phase II clinical trials

torezolid

Phase II clinical trials

16 . penicillin

amoxicillin

Novamox , Amoxil

Overcome various kinds of infections . Penicillin is used to treat streptococcal infections , syphilis and Lyme disease .

Indigestion and diarrhea

Allergy followed by an acute anaphylactic reaction . Anaphylaxis is an allergic reaction that occurs rapidly and can cause death .

Brain and kidney damage ( rare )

Its mechanism of action is similar to beta - lactam antibiotics ( inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis ) that is by disrupting the synthesis of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall layer .

ampicillin

Principen ( its use was discontinued )

Azlocillin

carbenicillin

Geocillin ( its use was discontinued )

cloxacillin

Tegopen ( its use was discontinued )

dicloxacillin

Dynapen ( its use was discontinued )

flucloxacillin

Floxapen ( patent sale to Actavis Group Europe ) . Actavis is a generic drug company that develops and centered in the United States .

Mezlocillin

Mezlin ( its use was discontinued )

methicillin

Staphcillin ( its use was discontinued )

nafcillin

Unipen ( its use was discontinued )

oxacillin

Prostaphlin ( its use was discontinued )

penicillin G

Pentids ( its use was discontinued )

penicillin V

Veetids ( Pen - Vee - K ) ( its use was discontinued )

Piperacillin

Pipracil ( its use was discontinued )

Penicillin G potassium

Pfizerpen ( its use was discontinued )

Temocillin

Negaban ( UK ) ( its use was discontinued )

Ticarcillin

Ticar ( its use was discontinued )

17 . combination Penicillin

Amoxicillin / clavulanate

Augmentin

The second compound to prevent bacteria resistant to the main compound .

Ampicillin / sulbactam

Unasyn

Piperacillin / tazobactam

Zosyn

Ticarcillin / clavulanate

Timentin

18 . polypeptide

Bacitracin

Treat infections of the eye , ear and bladder . The use of antibiotics is usually directly applied to the eyes or inhaled through the nose to the lungs and rarely by injection even though the need for applications to the blood vessels is needed due to rampant organisms MDR ( multi drugs resistance ) .

Kidney and nerve damage ( when given by injection )

Inhibit isoprenyl pyrophosphate , a molecule that carries compounds builders ( building block ) of peptidoglycan on the outer side of the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall [ 5 ]

Interact with the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer side of the cell membrane of bacteria . This triggers the change of ion . Antibiotics will act like a detergent molecule in the membrane permeability change . Polymyxin B and E function as a bactericide , although the isosmotic solution ( equal osmotic pressure )

colistin

Coly - Mycin - S

Polymyxin B

19 . Kuinolona

ciprofloxacin

Cipro , Ciproxin , Ciprobay

Treat infections of the urinary tract , prostate gland due to bacterial infection , pneumonia , diarrhea caused by bacteria , mikroplasma infections , gonorrhea ( gonorrhea )

Nausea ( rarely ) , permanent damage to the central nervous system ( rare ) , tendinosis ( chronic tendon damage or injury ) ( rare )

Inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription .

enoxacin

Penetrex

gatifloxacin

Tequin

levofloxacin

Levaquin

Lomefloxacin

Maxaquin

moxifloxacin

Avelox

Nalidixic acid

NegGram

norfloxacin

Noroxin

ofloxacin

Floxin , Ocuflox

Trovafloxacin

Trovan

Circulation of this antibiotic is discontinued

Grepafloxacin

Raxar

Circulation of this antibiotic is discontinued

sparfloxacin

Zagam

Circulation of this antibiotic is discontinued

Temafloxacin

Omniflox

Circulation of this antibiotic is discontinued

20 . sulfonamide

Mafenide

Sulfamylon

Nfeksi overcome urinary tract ( except sulfacetamida which , used for eye infections , and mafenide and Silver sulfadiazine , which is used for burns with topically )

Nausea , vomiting , and diarrhea .

Allergies ( including skin rashes )

Crystals in the urine .

renal failure

Decrease in the number of white blood cells .

Sensitive to sunlight

Inhibit the synthesis of folate . This antibiotic is a competitive inhibitor for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase , DHPS . DHPS , in which the enzyme is a catalyst that converts PABA ( para- aminobenzoate ) to dihydropteroate , but the conversion process is a key pathway for the synthesis of folate . Folate is necessary for the cell to synthesize nucleic acids ( nucleic acids is an important builder compounds for DNA and RNA ) . The absence of folate will mengkibatkan cells can not do division .

sulfacetamide

Sulamyd , Bleph - 10

sulfadiazine

Micro - sulfone

Silver sulfadiazine

Silvadene

sulfadimethoxine

In - Methox , Albon

Sulfamethizole

Thiosulfil Forte

sulfamethoxazole

Gantanol

Sulfanilimide

sulfasalazine

Azulfidine

Sulfisoxazole

Gantrisin

Trimethoprim - Sulfamethoxazole ( Co - trimoxazole ) ( TMP - SMX )

Bactrim , Septra

Sulfonamidochrysoidine

Prontosil

21 . Tetracycline

demeclocycline

Declomycin

Overcoming Syphilis , chlamydia infections , Lyme disease , mycoplasma infection , infection rikettsia on acne , malaria . Note : Malaria is caused by protists , not by bacteria .

indigestion

Sensitive to sunlight

Potential toxicity ( poisoning ) in the mother and fetus during pregnancy

Enamel hypoplasia ( staining of the teeth , potentially permanent )

Temporary decline in bone growth .

Inhibits the binding of aminoacyl - tRNA to the mRNA - ribosome complex . This antibiotic also binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit mRNA translation .

doxycycline

Vibramycin

minocycline

Minocin

oxytetracycline

Terramycin

tetracycline

Sumycin , Achromycin V , Steclin

22 . Medicines against mycobacteria

clofazimine

Lamprene

Antileprostatik ( antikusta / leprosy )

dapsone

Avlosulfon

Antileprostatik ( antikusta / leprosy )

Capreomycin

Capastat

antituberculosis

cycloserine

Seromycin

Antituberculosis , overcome urinary tract infections

ethambutol

Myambutol

antituberculosis

Ethionamide

Trecator

antituberculosis

Inhibit the synthesis of peptides

isoniazid

I.N.H.

antituberculosis

Pyrazinamide

Aldinamide

antituberculosis

Rifampicin ( Rifampin in the U.S. )

Rifadin , Rimactane

Treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria

Sweat , tears and urine to be orange .

Binding β subunit of RNA polymerase thus inhibiting transcription .

rifabutin

Mycobutin

Cope with Mycobacterium avium complex ( MAC ) is a group of genetically related bacterial genus Mycobacterium .

rash , urine , symptoms of gastrointestinal ( GI ) such as abdominal pain , heartburn , diarrhea , constipation , nausea and vomiting .

Rifapentine

Priftin

antituberculosis

streptomycin

antituberculosis

Neurotoxicity ( state exposure to neurotoxins , which are substances , conditions or circumstances that damages the nervous system and / or brain , usually by killing neurons .

Ototoxicity ( damage to the ear ( oto - ) , specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system due to toxic or antibiotics )

Aminogloserida similar mechanism of action .

23 . Other classes

Arsphenamine

Salvarsan

Spirochaetes tackle infections

Very Rare: aplastic anemia ( a disease in which the bone marrow and blood stem cells that exist in the inside were damaged . Thing It causes three types of blood cell deficiency ( pancytopenia ) as lack of red blood cells ( anemia ) , white blood cells ( leukopenia ) , and platelets ( thrombocytopenia ) . Aplastic refers to the inability of stem cells to produce mature blood cells .

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome

chloramphenicol

Chloromycetin

Tackle meningitis , or topical agents for the treatment of cheap . Formerly used to treat typhoid fever , cholera , gram-negative bacteria , gram-positive , and anaerobic

Fosfomycin

Monurol

Cystitis ( bladder infection ) acute in women .

Disabling enolpyruvyl transferase , thereby blocking cell wall synthesis .

acid fusidik

Fucidin

metronidazole

Flagyl

Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria , amoebiasis ( infection caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica ) , trichomoniasis ( inflammation in the vag * na due protozoan parasite , Trichomonas vaginalis , giardiasis ( beaver fever ) is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia berflagella or also called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenal

Discolored urine , headache , metallic taste in the tongue , nausea ( alcohol is contraindicated )

Produces toxic free radicals that interfere with the activity of DNA and protein . Non-specific mechanism is closely related to its activity against a variety of bacteria , amoebae , and protozoa .

mupirocin

Bactroban

Ointment for impetigo ( skin infection that is very contagious , usually affects children who have not entered the school ) , cream for infected wounds

Platensimycin

Quinupristin / dalfopristin

Synercid

Thiamphenicol

Overcoming the Gram negative bacteria , Gram-positive , and anaerobic . Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary medicine .

This is an analog of antibiotic compounds ( similar to both the structure and function ) of chloramphenicol . This antibiotic inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome

tigecycline

Tigacyl

Cope with complex skin infections ( infections of skin and associated tissues ) , intra- abdominal infection ( infection of the peritoneum or retroperitoneal ) , and discoloration of the teeth .

rash

tinidazole

Tindamax Fasigyn

Treat infections caused by protozoa .

abdominal pain , bitter taste , and itching

trimethoprim

Proloprim , Trimpex

Overcoming urinary tract infection

You now know the classification of Antibiotics , Antibiotic Types or Kinds of Antibiotics . Thank you you 've been to the Cyber ​​Library .