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Antibiotic derived from two Greek words , namely ' anti ' meaning ' against ' and ' bios ' which means ' life ' .
Antibiotics are drugs used to inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause infection .
This drug has been used against a variety of bacterial infections in plants , animals , and humans since the 1930s .
Antibiotics only fight bacterial infections and do not work against viral infections , such as flu , colds , sore throat , mumps , bronchitis , etc. .
Antibiotics are used to treat viral infections can actually harm the body .
This is because each time the virus dose of antibiotics taken not affected , on the contrary , an increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics .
With antibiotic -resistant bacteria are not killed by the drug at the same dose .
This is why every person should follow the instructions given by the doctor before taking antibiotics .
Penicillin , the first antibiotic , was discovered by accident by Alexander Fleming of fungal cultures .
Currently there are more than 100 types of antibiotics that doctors use to treat mild to severe infections .
Different Types of Antibiotics
Of 100 antibiotic substances produced naturally and synthetically , very little has been proven safe and effective .
There are various ways to classify antibiotics . One is to classify based on the effect of antibiotics on bacteria .
However , in this article we will look at the classification of antibiotics based on their chemical structure .
Ntibiotik types are categorized based on the chemical structure is as follows :
Penicillin ( Penicillins )
Cephalosporin ( Cephalosporins )
Aminoglycosides ( aminoglycosides )
Macrolides ( Macrolides )
Sulfonamides ( sulfonamides )
fluoroquinolones
Tetracycline ( Tetracyclines )
Polypeptides ( polypeptides )
1 . Penicillin ( Penicillins )
Penicillins or beta - lactam antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that destroy the cell walls of bacteria when the bacteria are in the process of reproduction .
Penicillin is bactericidal agent group consisting of penicillin G , penicillin V , ampicillin , ticarcillin , cloxacillin , oxacillin , amoxicillin , and nafcillin .
Antibiotics are used to treat infections associated with skin , teeth , eyes , ears , respiratory tract , etc. .
Some people may be allergic to penicillin rash or fever with symptoms due to hypersensitivity to antibiotics .
Penicillin is often given in combination with various other types of antibiotics .
2 . Cephalosporin ( Cephalosporins )
Cephalosporins , such as penicillin , work by interfering with the formation of the bacterial cell wall during reproduction .
However , these antibiotics are able to treat a variety of bacterial infections that can not be treated with penicillin , such as meningitis , gonorrhea , etc. .
In cases where people are sensitive to penicillin , the cephalosporins may be given as an alternative .
However , in many cases , when a person is allergic to penicillin , then most likely he will be allergic to cephalosporins as well .
Rash , diarrhea , abdominal cramps , and fever are the side effects of these antibiotics .
3 . Aminoglycosides ( aminoglycosides )
These antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein formation .
Because effective in inhibiting bacterial protein production , given, among other aminoglycosides for treating typhoid and pneumonia .
Although effective in treating the bacteria causing the infection , there is a risk of bacteria getting resistant to this antibiotic .
Aminoglycosides are also given in combination with penicillin or cephalosporin .
Aminoglycosides effectively control and treat bacterial infections , but potentially debilitating kidney and liver function .
4 . Macrolide ( Macrolides )
Just as before , these antibiotics interfere with bacterial protein formation .
Macrolide prevent bacterial protein biosynthesis and is usually given to treat patients who are very sensitive to penicillin .
Macrolides has a broader spectrum than penicillin and is used to treat respiratory tract infections , gastric tract infections , etc. .
Gastrointestinal discomfort , nausea , and diarrhea are some of the side effects of macrolides .
In addition , pregnant and lactating women should not take macrolides .
5 . Sulfonamides ( sulfonamides )
This drug is an effective treatment for a kidney infection , but unfortunately has a harmful effect on the kidneys .
To prevent the formation of crystalline drug , the patient should drink large quantities of water . One of the sulfa drug most commonly used is gantrisin .
6 . fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are the only class of antibiotics that directly stop the synthesis of bacterial DNA .
Because it can be very well absorbed by the body , fluoroquinolones can be administered orally .
This antibiotic is considered relatively safe and widely used to treat urinary tract infections and respiratory tract .
However , fluoroquinolones thought to affect bone growth . That's because, this drug is not recommended for pregnant women or children .
Side effects that often arise include nausea , vomiting , diarrhea , etc.
Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of infections such as middle ear infections , respiratory tract , urinary tract , etc. .
Patients with liver problems should be careful when taking tetracycline because it can aggravate the problem .
Polypeptide is considered sufficiently toxic that is mainly used on the surface of the skin .
When injected into the skin , the polypeptide can cause side effects such as kidney damage and nerve .
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