Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a disease forerunner of liver cancer . Hepatitis can impair liver function and the liver as a neutralizing toxins and digestive system in the body that break down food in nutrients to be distributed across a very important organ for humans .

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver disease due to various reasons . The cause is some type of virus that attacks and causes inflammation and damage to the cells and liver function . Hepatitis has a very close relationship with liver function disorders . Hepatitis is widely used as a disease that goes into all kinds of inflammatory diseases of the liver ( liver ) . Many things can happen that cause hepatitis are not only due to the viral infection from a particular source . Causes of hepatitis can also come from certain types of medications , certain foods or even on one sexual relationship of the couple having hepatitis.

Hepatitis disease can affect anyone not of age . Jugat hepatitis can occur in infants , children , adults and the elderly . Hepatitis is also a lot of hit in infants 0-12 months of age , the child is expected to occur from the age of 2-15 years , 15-20 years and adults older people over the age of 40 years and above .

But a lot happened and hepatitis experienced by the population of Indonesia is hepatitis B.


Picture : from the type of hepatitis virus that destroyed liver function

The following are the modes of transmission of hepatitis B virus is a lot going on and experienced particularly if it occurs in children .

1 . Transmission of hepatitis B in infants and children

- If a mother who has a history of liver disease when it is possible to contain the fetus or the baby also contracted the same strain of hepatitis , even greater risk in infants than mothers .

- Also can occur through direct contact with a family member suffering from hepatitis B.

2 . Effect of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

- Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) can cause acute inflammation or chronic is one of the initial causes of liver cancer .

- If the infection occurs in infants before the baby is 1 year old ari kurangd have a higher risk of approximately 90 % suffer from acute or chronic hepatitis , but otherwise if hepatitis B infection in infants after 2-5 years of age , the risk of hepatitis B disease will be reduced approximately 50 % even if infection occurs over the age of 5 years the risk of hepatitis disease is only 5-10 % .

- An estimated 25 % of children who identified the disease becoming chronic hepatitis can progress and develop into cirrhosis ( damage to liver and heart contraction ) and or liver cancer in adults , and only 15 % who progress to cirrhosis or liver cancer .

Treatment For Hepatitis

Treatment for hepatitis diseases that can be done one of them is by using drugs antiferon . The injection is usually recommended antiferon for about four months . The success of this treatment depends on several factors including the duration of your infection . Approximately 50 % oran with chronic hepatitis B infection at least get a partial benefit over interferon treatment of hepatitis disease . Benefits of the hepatitis drug can include reduction in the number of total virus in the blood and also slowing liver damage .

While doing the treatment for hepatitis disease using drugs antiferon , blood tests done regularly to measure the levels of liver enzymes in the blood often recommended . These tests indicate whether the liver is inflamed or if the virus is still present in the blood . The important thing to remember is that the test for hepatitis B surface antigen may be positive for a few weeks or several years after treatment usainya . This is because the hepatitis B virus may persist in the blood in small amounts . Pentinga also to keep in mind is that even after the infection is under control , the liver still needs time to grow healthy cells to replace cells that are damaged or destroyed due to hepatitis infection .

Treatment for chronic hepatitis C is done using interferon is likely to last longer than the infection of hepatitis B. For chronic hepatitis C infection , interferon is usually recommended three times a week for the duration of approximately between 12 months samoai 2 years . As well as for the treatment of prevalent infections .

Treatment for the disease to a chronic hepatitis with interferon can reduce the risk of occurrence of cirrhosis or liver cancer . That is why . It is important for you to follow your doctor's advice accurately .

Each drug definitely give side effects, to overcome the side effects of the drug antiferon can be done by drinking large amounts of water each day . Drink painkillers are recommended by your doctor , if the pain at the injection site on the body is very severe .

Hepatitis pain

Liver disease problem is very large , one of 10 Indonesian society hepatitis B. Approximately 20 million people in Indonesia suffer from hepatitis , 15 million of whom suffer from hepatitis B and hepatitis C. 5 million Unfortunately , this high number is not followed by the awareness of the public . Even before the government also did not pay much attention . Hepatitis B as the iceberg appeared just a small part , which is only about 30 % . Meanwhile, according to Health Ministry records about 5-10 % . While the remaining 70 % are not touched or detected by health workers .

difference - hepatitis

Hepatitis B and C if left will become the embryo of liver cancer . And treatment can only be done with the transplant . Penyait hepatitis is not a new disease . But for many other diseases , hepatitis as if ter - masking or closed head of government attention or provider .

Hepatitis is a disease that does not give symptoms and complaints on penderitannya . Therefore it is called killer sillent . Liver is the organ which is strong and not " whiny " is different from flu viruses that cause symptoms such entry . While not the same as hepatitis virus entry , the body gives no reaction until 15-20 years later . However, when going to the doctor have occurred in liver cirrhosis . Shape is berenjolan and even liver cancer has reached . Only people who ' frail ' which will ccepat hepatitis virus detected .

Figures spread of hepatitis virus in Indonesia, which ranges from 3-15 % . Slain , the high rate of spread of viral hepatitis are also related degan sanitary conditions and overcrowding that facilitate transmission . The high cost of treatment remains a major obstacle . Especially in the case of hepatitis B and C. For blood tests only about 2 million . Moreover, treatment of hepatitis . On hepatitis C , the cure rates are very expensive , can be up to hundreds of millions . For one injection every 9 million .

In fact, if the service to diagnosisi Indonesia is not too far behind with its neighbors that is, science that is being developed abroad today are followed by Indonesia . Except , some technical such as Indonesia itself can not liver transplantation . But that does not mean the ability of Indonesian doctors are not qualified. Even for ability , very famous doctor premises " prigel " in action treatment . However , liver transplantation is an action or procedure which is very difficult . So it takes a special skill and preparation is very complex in liver transplantation pass . While the cost of a given government is very small .

Infectious hepatitis or Not

Disorders of the liver may occur for example due to infection . Hepatitis is one example of liver disease caused by a virus . This virus can be transmitted through food , beverages , syringes and blood transfusion .

Hepatitis patients suffered damage to his cell so that the bile pigments circulating through the body . As a result , the body becomes yellowish color . Therefore , hepatitis disease commonly known as jaundice .

Hepatitis means inflammation or swelling of the liver . Hepatitis can be caused by a virus of alcohol , drugs , drug - 0batan ( including prescription drugs ) or toxins . Hepatitis is a very common disease , can occur even in people whose immune system is good . Hepatitis can also cause scratches / hardening of the liver ( cirrhosis ) so that the function of the liver to fail and result in death .

Many other diseases are much more easily transmitted through social keagiatan , such as pulmonary tuberculosis . Many are now significantly resistant virus is outside the human body so it is more easily transmitted , Mass hepatitis B. Many other viruses that can cause suffering and death and have not found an effective drug such as hepatitis C.

Acute fulminant hepatitis

The term acute fulminant hepatitis is more widely known as fulminant hepatic failure , which is a rare condition , caused by the destruction and death of liver cells are massive .

Ability of liver synthetic function is reduced ( prothrombin time lengthening after administration of vitamin K ) , failure of excretion of bilirubin ( serum bilirubin > 20mg/100ml ) , gluconeogenesis decreased ( hypoglycemia ) , decreased consciousness ( prekoma or coma ) and the balance of water and electrolyte disturbance ( serum sodium and decreased potassium ) .

Fulminant hepatic failure is characterized by encephalopathy occurring within 8 weeks after the first symptoms of liver disease is found . Encephalopathy signs began to appear after a period of 8-24 weeks of the attack , the state formerly known as liver failure resulting in further phases .

Disease fulminant hepatic failure can occur in the newborn period or after the neonatal period ( childhood ) is usually caused by viruses , toxins , metabolic disorders , drugs etc. as mentioned below :

1 . Viral hepatitis A , B , C ( NANB post- transfusion ) , D and E ( NANB transmitted through water )

2 . Epstein - Barr virus and cytomegalovirus as well as Yellow Fever disease (yellow fever ) , and Adenovirus Ekovirus

3 . leptospirosis

4 . Metabolic ( wilson disease , tirosinemia , intolerans fructose , galactosemia , alpha 1 - antiripsin deficiency and Zellweger syndrome ) .

5 . Toxin ( Amanita phalloides , pyrrolizidine alkaloids , aflatoxins , carbon tetrachloride and phosphorus )

6 . Drugs ( halothane , paracetamol , INH , rifampin , sistotoksik , sodium valporat , methyldopa , tetracycline and amiodarone ) .

7 . Vascular ( Budd - Chairi syndrome , post cardiac bypass and vein obstruction ) , ischemia / hypotension , leukemia / lymphoma .

Hepatitis Disease In Children

Viral hepatitis is a liver disease that seirng found . Acute fulminant hepatitis with severe symptoms usually so had to stay in bed during the acute stage , depending on the food menu appetite , fat is allowed if the patient is not nauseated or vomiting . Usually contains enough calories to improve weight decreased during illness .

Chronic liver disease who require a diet plan so that children achieve the sufficient energy , food does not contain a lot of fat and limit the amount of protein in isrosis incoming .

Viral hepatitis is a systemic infection that an adverse effect on the normal functioning of the liver cells . Peneybab of acute viral hepatitis are hepatitis A , B , C or Non A Non B ( water borne epidemic and post- transfusion ) and D ( delta virus ) . Some other viruses can cause hepatitis such as cytomegalovirus , herpes virus , Epstein - Barr virus , rubella virus and virus koksaki etc. .

Acute hepatitis often causes nausea and appetite is reduced , the food is given in stages according to their appetite and frequent small meals . When a child does not want / can not eat well need ditpertimbangkan feeding through the stomach sonde .

Hepatitis that occurs in children can also be caused by a decrease in parental genes that have a risk of hepatitis or hepatitis patients . Hepatitis in children can be caused by abnormalities during pregnancy , to mothers who have hepatitis or certain disorders that affect the fetus or infant . To prevent hepatitis disease, the child will be given vaccines against hepatitis are held every 3-6 months .

Hepatitis



Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver disease ( liver ) can cause various, ranging from virus to drugs . There are several types of hepatitis are hepatitis A , B , C , D , E , F , and G. Manifestations of the disease can be acute viral hepatitis ( hepatitis A ) may krnonis ( hepatitis B and C ) Atua can also later be liver cancer .

The virus that causes the disease is present in body fluids at any time DAPT transmitted to others . Most people infected with this virus can be cured by itself . However , the virus remains in the body for life .

Hepatitis comes from two words namely HEPA ( liver / heart ) and itis ( inflammation ) . Hepatitis is an inflammation that occurs in the liver . Because nearly all of the patient's body yellowish in society then known as jaundice (jaundice ) . However , the actual term jaundice can cause confusion because not all jaundice caused by inflammation of the liver .

Can also occur due to bile duct disorders so that there can not be mepedu fluid into the intestine into the blood instead . Yellow symptoms can also occur due to breakdown of red blood cells that are too excessive that substances spread bilirubin in the blood . Disturbances in certain organs , such as tumors of the pancreas and gall bladder or blood transfusion mismatches can cause yellow.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus ( HCV = hepatitis C virus ) . Hepatitis C virus entry into liver cells , using the genetic machinery of the cell to duplicate the Hepatitis C virus , and infect many other cells .

15 % of cases of Hepatitis C infection is acute , meaning that the body automatically clean and there are no consequences . Unfortunately 85 % of cases , hepatitis C infection becomes chronic and slowly damages the liver for years . In that time , the liver can be broken into cirrhosis ( hardening of the liver ) , end-stage liver disease and liver cancer .

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting the liver , caused by the hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) . The infection is often asymptomatic , but once established , chronic infection can progress to scarring of the liver ( fibrosis ) , and advanced scarring ( cirrhosis ) which is generally seen after many years .

Specific symptoms suggestive of liver disease are usually present until substantial scarring of the liver has occurred . However , hepatitis C is a systemic disease and patients may experience a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to symptomatic disease prior to the development of more advanced liver disease . Common signs and symptoms associated with chronic hepatitis C include fatigue , flu-like symptoms , joint pain , itching , sleep disturbances , changes in appetite , nausea , and depression .

Once chronic hepatitis C has progressed to cirrhosis , signs and symptoms may appear that are generally caused by either decreased liver function or increased pressure in the liver circulation , a condition known as portal hypertension . Possible signs and symptoms of liver cirrhosis include ascites ( accumulation of fluid in the abdomen ) , bruising and bleeding tendency , varices ( enlarged veins , especially in the stomach and esophagus ) , jaundice , and a syndrome of cognitive impairment known as hepatic encephalopathy . Hepatic encephalopathy is due to the accumulation of ammonia and other substances normally cleared by a healthy liver .

Hepatitis B

Indonesia is an endemic area of hepatitis B virus infection , certain areas in every 100 residents met 8 people with hepatitis virus B.

A person is said to suffer from hepatitis B virus infection in the examination if found positive HBsAg . Source of transmission of hepatitis B virus in Indonesia mainly through pregnant mothers to their babies so that every pregnant mother is recommended to screen for HBsAg .

Pregnant Women with HBsAg and HBeAg positive hepatitis virus will transmit with probability more than 90 % . In such circumstances the baby should get vaccinated and immunoglobulin administration .

On them that are infected with acute HBV , 90 % in children and 70 % in adults did not show any symptoms at all . Only a third of complaints infected show , especially yellow eyes .

HBV infection acquired in infancy will lead to 95 % of infants in whom a chronic hepatitis patients . While groups of adults infected with this virus, 95 % will be cured and only 5 % were hepatitis B develops into chronic .

Hepatitis A

Diseases will increasingly recognize when a big impact , both related to socio-economic aspects as well as the risk of morbidity and mortality or very high because of the number of events . Hepatitis A , a disease that attacks the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus , although it does not result in substantial risk of death , but the risk of causing tremendous event or outbreak . Hence , the disease received great attention from both the government and the public health and the public in general .

Someone into a panic because of hepatitis A , usually because they do not know the characteristics and course of the disease . When attacking people with hepatitis A or the next of kin of the disease typically know the anxiety and panic does not need to happen . Basically the disease is self-limited disease ( can heal itself ) .

Hepatitis A can be divided into 3 stages :

- Introduction ( prodromal ) with symptoms of fatigue , lethargy , fever , loss of appetite and nausea ;

- Stadium with symptoms of yellow ( jaundice stage ) , and

- Stadium healing ( konvalesensi ) . Yellow symptoms are not always found . Examination to confirm the diagnosis of liver enzymes , SGPT , SGOT . Because the hepatitis A can also occur inflammation of the bile duct , the examination of gamma - GT and alkaline phosphatase can be done in addition to levels of bilirubin .

Signs and symptoms of Hepatitis A are:

- Fatigue

- Nausea and vomiting

- Abdominal pain or discomfort , especially in the liver ( on the right side below the ribs )

- Loss of appetite

- Fever

- Urine dark

- Muscle pain

- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice ) .

How to Prevent Hepatitis

Generally , people often assume that the jaundice is due to the onset of hepatitis yellow color of the skin , nails , and the whites of the eyes . This condition is just one symptom of hepatitis . This inflammation can cause damage to cells , tissues , and even all parts of the liver . Hepatitis may occur because the disease is attacking the liver cells or other disease that causes complications in the liver . Understanding hepatitis ore can be easy if we knew in advance about the liver .

Hepatitis may be short-lived ( acute ) and then cured or even develop into chronic ( chronic ) . Levels of severity of hepatitis varies , ranging from self-limiting conditions ( self-limited ) with a total healing , life-threatening condition , a chronic disease , until liver condition that does not work anymore ( the so-called liver failure ) . If this happens then the last condition for its handling requires transplantasu or liver transplant .

Acute hepatitis attack can occur suddenly or gradually beginning asymptomatic . Generally , acute hepatitis lasts for a period of 1-2 months . Liver damage that occurs in the acute heoatitis usually only a small part of the network only. But in rare cases , such as when the patient's immune system is too low , acute hepatitis can be life-threatening .

While chronic hepatitis occurs when the liver is affected in part may be dormant or growing very slowly , but some others may also be active and continue to deteriorate in a matter of years . Complications of chronic hepatitis worsening cirrhosis or liver cancer . Both of these complications often lead to death .

Below is healthy tips to prevent hepatitis disease are :

    Avoid consumption of alcohol

    Avoid drugs that can damage the liver , such as acetaminophen

    Healthy and balanced diet

    Multiply the fruits , vegetables , whole grains , and fat -free protein

    Regular physical exercise

    adequate rest

TBC

Symptoms and Treatment of Intestinal Tuberculosis



Intestinal tuberculosis is causing symptoms such as stomach bloating , vomiting and diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain . Consequences are more severe intestinal blockage or enlargement in certain parts of the intestine and palpable as a tumor in the lower right abdomen . On intestinal tuberculosis are often not found at all bowel disease diagnosis .

That's why a more specific examination required to take the network impairments in the intestine , through a tool inserted through the intestines . Checks can also be done by means of ultrasound or CT scan . By finding bred germs that can be known for sure premises illness diagnosis .

But sometimes difficult to find the germ of the tissue removed . For the examination with X-ray , along with other tests . TB disease can also cause intestinal pain caused resemble appendicitis . Although it seems like the appendix should not be quickly removed because require a more thorough examination .

Intestinal tuberculosis are sometimes no symptoms are apparent , may attempt the examination of the lungs and sputum did not give any sign . X-rays usually do not provide a clear reference that the disease tuberculosis . Patient sputum examination also showed no adnaya TB germs . However , the subsequent observation of patients still showed pain in the lower abdomen and not infrequently his weight slightly decreased , although not as good as the weight loss in patients with colon cancer .

To ascertain what is being plagued disorder sufferers , can be a medical disease and abdominal cavity search because the pain . Abnormalities was found by tuberculosis in the tissues around the gut , so it was decided to not melanjutka operation and shut her stomach again .

Prevention and treatment of intestinal tuberculosis

Intestinal tuberculosis can be done to eradicate the use of anti- tuberculosis drug treatment . Either drug was given to patients who have been found to exist germs or illness or which are not yet found any TB germs in the intestines . By giving patients the drug was typically akab health rapidly improved .
Use of TB drugs as used for penyakt pulmonary tuberculosis can also be used for this intestinal tuberculosis . Treatment of intestinal tuberculosis requires a long time , until the patient was asked to be patient during the treatment period .
Treatment for tuberculosis is the most appropriate anti- tuberculosis drugs . Giving these drugs akab last long enough until the patient is considered cured . Drugs that can be given in the form of oral medication or injected . For long -term drug delivery is certainly more awkward swallow , generally with these drugs , health related recover.

Intestinal tuberculosis

Heard the term intestinal tuberculosis , of people with TB often associate with members of the public who diidap pulmonary tuberculosis that attacks the lungs . Indeed, the main organ of respiratory tuberculosis in the closely related with intestinal tuberculosis . In fact, the germs of tuberculosis considered as the major cause of the intestinal tuberculosis .

Intestinal tuberculosis usually merupaan chronic disease means the disease is already there and is slowly becoming more severe . Meanwhile , if the cause of pulmonary tuberculosis or difficult breathing as the sufferer breathing organ ( the lung ) was attacked by the germs of tuberculosis, then the intestinal tuberculosis was attacked by the intestinal bacteria of patients .

Intestinal tuberculosis disease thought to be caused by TB germs attack . Germs can be derived from active TB disease tang in the lungs and blood containing TB germs and into the stomach . Then carried into the intestine participate and thrive in a new tub . Germs spread to the lymph glands in the intestine and other parts of the digestive tract lining also covers the intestines in the abdominal cavity .

Germs can also spread through the bloodstream when a person is still young . He dwells in the small intestine . In pretumbuhan children become adults with healthy . Because her immune system is still good . The new bacteria showed activity when the patient's body condition decreased . Factors causing intestinal tuberculosis include malnutrition , chronic diseases such as diabetes , alcohol drinking habits , use of drugs and the immune system is weakened . Last factor is related to the cause of HIV infection are also the body's defense system attacks a person .

Although intestinal tuberculosis is sometimes a chronic disease , while appendicitis generally as sudden illness , so people feel a little body heat . Disease may be acute appendicitis can be overcome by the patient's body snediri , so that acute inflammation such as heat loss and lower stomach pain is not so disturbing . Even the pain in the beginning it was very disturbing symptoms disappear or greatly reduced .

On malignant colon cancer , that may arise pain in lower right abdomen , weight clearer patients deteriorated rapidly . Therefore , in addition to regular patient complained of pain in the lower abdomen also complained clearly reduced weight .

TB disease

TB in Indonesia become a serious problem because of transmission is very easy . The finding new cases and access to treatment becomes paramount that successful TB treatment . One quarter abadn or 125 years already bakerti tuberculosis ( TB ) ditemuakn . Effort to rid this disease continues to be done , both in the global and local scale . However , the more effort against tuberculosis TB bacteria are getting smarter too evasive . As a result , the treatment of this disease to see a lot of dead end . Laih - laih disappeared , justr bacteria increasingly resistant and multi- resistant .
WHO World Health Organization classifies as a tuberculosis endemic disease is difficult to remove . WHO research last year showed that nearly a third of the world's population has TB . Every year , more than 1.7 million people were dead . The rate of spread of this disease difficult to stop because TBC easily transmitted .

In the Indonesian perspective , TB is also a serious problem . Indonesia was the country hardest fifth as many people with tuberculosis . Indonesia lost only Swaziland , Cambodia , Zambia and Djibouti . Jumalh with TB is currently 321 per 100 thousand inhabitants .

Treatment of tuberculosis in Indonesia is difficult , because we are still asleep , asleep in a long dream . Many pengidapTBC should recover , due to cost constraints , it would come back . Moreover , treatment awareness is still low . Though TB is curable . Therefore, we need the cooperation of all parties in tackling tuberculosis .

Currently only 50 % of patients with tuberculosis in Indonesia who have been successfully treated . " To expedite the handling of tuberculosis , this year the government will do these findings the government will actively finding new cases , " said Minister of Health , DR . Dr. . Siti Supari Fadillah , SpJP ( K ) in the global tuberculosis anniversary March 24 So . Indonesia has been the achievement of the global targets . Finding numbers of cases ( case detection rate / CDR ) in Indonesia 74 % and cure rate of success ( success rate / SR ) 89 % . The global target is 70 % CDR and 85 % SR .

Figures CDR , Menkes said , should be improved . The trick , of health workers in health centers no longer wait , but active tuberculosis case finding in the community . Step discovery of new TB cases , including detection of tuberculosis using a more sensitive and specific . Detection time is used since a century ago , namely by looking adnaya or acid-fast bacilli in sputum AFB + patients , considered out of date .
In a global perspective , is currently being sought new ways yanglebih effective diagnosis . So far there has been no detection method is sensitive and can be applied to spesiik public widely . TB cases in Indonesia since the scourge of disease transmission is very easy . National survey conducted in 2004 showed every two and a half minutes , will emerge a new person with tuberculosis .

Not just the transmission , the death rate from tuberculosis in Indonesia is also fairly high . WHO working paper 2000 is staggering , there is recorded , every 4 minutes or so , an Indonesian man died of tuberculosis .
Pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a disease caused due to an acute or chronic infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis causes strange reaction in the tissues of the lungs, which covers the area raids by infected macrophages and the formation of the wall around the lesion by fibrous tissue that forms what is called tubercles . The process of formation of this wall helps to limit the spread of tuberculosis bacteria later on in the lungs .


The disease is mostly found in people who have weak immune , elderly people who in childhood had stricken with tuberculosis and those who test HIV - positive to be his main target tuberculosis .

Tuberkulosisi transmitted through respiratory secretions of patients exhaled then inhaled by another person . Symptoms of tuberculosis is sometimes invisible , but usually symptoms include prolonged shape , chest pain , loss of weight and appetite and a lot of sweat , especially at night . Generally, those who live crowded slum region and poorly ventilated homes are at high risk of contracting this disease . The disease is also more common in men than women .

TB Disease in Children


Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculossis , this bias disease attacks the lungs , but can also be about almost any organ of the body .
Penuluaran source is adult pulmonary TB patients through the spark sputum .

Symptoms shown by a child if he was suffering from tuberculosis are :

    Long fever > / - 2 weeks and or recurrent
    3 week old cough
    Down appetite , weight loss or not up 2 months in a row
    Lethargic child is not as active as usual
    Close contact with adult pulmonary TB patients
    Palpable lump in the neck

These symptoms can also be caused by other diseases , therefore immediately consult a doctor . Examination required :

    tuberculin test
    Photos rontgent chest , rontgent examination can help diagnosis but can not be used as one of the diagnostic tools .
    Blood tests are not used for the diagnosis of childhood TB
    If possible needs to be done - sputum sputum examination .
    Given the difficulty in obtaining sputum in children , tuberculin test is a very important examination .
    Diagnosis of childhood TB can be enforced by scoring system childhood TB

TB treatment is the way children :

    Treatment with a combination of drugs 3-4 Tb
    TB treatment takes 6 months , except in Tb can weight up to 12 months longer
    Tb is the key to successful treatment of drinking regularly and thoroughly
    Successful treatment of symptomatic improvement assessed primarily , not from photos rontgent chest .

TB treatment regimens are :

    Medications taken on an empty stomach , one hour before or 2 hours after eating / drinking milk .
    Drug delivery in the form of KDT has several advantages : more practical , can be chewed or dissolved in water , increase adherence to medication .

TB prevention of child :

    BCG vaccination
    Give nutritious and balanced diet in children
    Keep the environment clean , not damp and sunlight into the house
    Find the possible source of transmission :
    Adult at home (parents , housekeeper , driver , etc. )
    School environment ( school teacher , security guard , teacher tutoring , etc. )
    Adult TB patients were treated until thoroughly and wear masks during the initial two months of treatment

.Prevention of Tuberculosis Lung Disease



Coughing illness should not be allowed and should not be underestimated . In order not to get worse and spread to other people , tuberculosis should be treated immediately and quit smoking completely . Avoid drinking cow's milk that has not been cooked . Eat nutritious foods to boost the immune system . Make checks and more intensive treatment , and did not stop in the middle of the road . If treatment is not carried through to completion , then the disease can recur , and may cause bacteria to become resistant or immune to the drug . It can also lead to more severe disease because it has meyebar to other areas outside the lungs .
But you do not need to worry because this disease can be cured . The earlier the treatment is done , tigkat severe damage can be avoided .

Usually if the treatment is done on a regular basis , people with TB can be cured within 6-9 months . For those who have babies , should do immunization with BCG vaccine , and if necessary give again when the child was 12 or 16 months . Children can be easily contracted tuberculosis of adults who were in the vicinity. Transmission can be through the air , such as when coughing or sneezing , then the TB germs into the air would gush through saliva sparks .

Droplets containing the bacteria can survive in the air for several hours and then inhaled by another person .
If the immune system of people who are not breathe well , or the number of bacteria are inhaled enough to menibulkan infection , then that person can be infected . Therefore , it is recommended for the treatment of tuberculosis patients until declared cured by a doctor . That way it can help prevent transmission to others . In addition to medication , check with the wife and your children to make sure they come infected or not .

Efforts to reduce the possibility of transmission to your home can be done by installing a good ventilation for air exchange and that spark mengandun saliva germs are concentrated .
Bukaah window or door in the morning so that the sun light coming into your home is adequate because germs die when terkenca TBCakan sunlight . Keep disembarang place and do not spit . Boost the immune system with good nutrition .

Gland tuberculosis treatment




The process of transmission of tuberculosis to the respiratory tract of the neck may be derived from bacteria that were neck gland first , because inadequate treatment . Pernanahan process can appear on the skin , because before the end of the line that connects the intestine and skin . The first doctors who treat the disease take proper method of determining the disease . He wanted to make sure which one pithy berbetuk free from TB germs . Because it needs more in-depth examination . As long as people are willing to tell the chronological time to the doctor .

So if the surgery is done to cure it checks the network to be removed it . If it really is not determined TB germs , only then can the doctor is not sure what to think right arising from infection with TB germs , but by germs that can cause pernanahan lan .

To determine whether it actually boils or unusual sores should be through a more thorough examination . Continue treatment with a doctor who was originally going to be certain it is more certainty about the disease known immediately so that appropriate treatment can be given . Actual disease suspected as the propagation of tuberculosis until then it is not a heavy . Besides treatment performed by a physician , the patient should be well over the required principal therapy for treatment .

Diet for TB should be done at least through the development and maintain the resilience of the body or bodies . The freshness of the body proper is a shield to fight various diseases . TBC oenyakit now no longer seen as a disease that can not be cured if treated early bai . Since the first patient should have should consult a doctor or hospital in an effort to determine the healing methods of TB disease .
Specific example of water treatment is helpful in cases of tuberculosis . Power vitality of the patient's body can be built by a cold bath routine twice a day which was planned carefully . But should also be considered to ensure that patients do not get cold . Advisable to do criss cross application of heat to the cold in a short time . Therapy with exercise can also be applied to tackle tuberculosis cure . Each patient may engage in regular exercise to reduce the symptoms of the disease . Thus water therapy to cure tuberculosis diderta can take place through water treatment , food and regular olahrgaa . But naturally tuberculosis treatment process can be carried out simultaneously with the medical treatment recommended by a physician . The doctor will also suggest he believes that the healing of the TB germs contagious because the immune system is being weakened .

Had the immune system is being strengthened degan do olhraga and consume foods daily is quite nutritious , it is believed that any disease germs does not work to win a very strong body resistance . However the outcome , trust yourself and observe the rules and decided by the doctor needs to comply with patience . Due to treatment not accompanied by a sense of patience and belief in healing yourself, will not mean anything .

TBC glands


TB germs can also at times spread to the soft parts such as lungs , and he was often infects the lymph nodes . Besides, it can also spread to the skin , other important organs . Not only that , up to the rectum was the TB germs can also spread TB causing too anal . Like from the beginning has been conveyed , that the TB germs can invade our body parts such as body parts or the whole body in a weakened state .

When all of the immune system becoming healthy and strong , the possibility of an attack can be countered apaun bacteria by the immune system itself.
TB disease is most commonly known as the attacks the lungs and is known as pulmonary tuberculosis . However, these germs can also attack other organs outside the lungs . Such as the surface of the skin glands to organs and other important inside . Not infrequently also attacked the lining of the brain , bones and joints are actually rare TB germs directly attack the vital organs of the body.

Start the entry of germs as possible through the channels that do not cause such abnormalities in the lungs . But then progressed to other organs away germs can follow the flow of lymph to places in the body . Dialirinya can also channel is liquid blood to reach other organs in the body .
TB germs can last even through foods as well as foods that contain TB germs . Potable water through well in advance and then having good breathing process beforehand and could also lead to transmission of TB germs are talking about. He even got to the intestine and other organs of the body .

Although it is clear that at some point may ditemput by TB germs , but can cause disease in a person's disease is not as easy as it may appear . Development may depend on one's endurance . Good endurance will be able to resist the entry of TB germs into the body . In addition, the durability of that is very necessary , if there is a chronic disease . Therefore , the immune system needs to be considered both a sought from outside in the form of injection or in the form of preventive maintenance of good nutrition . Also for those with chronic illness ought regularly to the doctor's examination .

TB and HIV


It should also be known that pulmonary tuberculosis disease may reappear without showing significant symptoms . Maybe feeling like shivering body , felt difficulty in breathing , severe decline is a reaction by TB germs back . TB disease is actually a disease that has long been known , especially in developing countries like Indonesia . This disease can be overcome by the provision of preventive medicine BCG . But lately the disease began to appear again . This close relation to air travel is becoming so common that transmission can occur from one place to another with so very quickly .

In addition to the emergence of the HIV disease tuberculosis is also easier to grow, especially among people with HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus ) , the virus triggers a kind of AIDS disease ( Acquiredimmuno Deficiency Syndrome ) .

When tuberculosis symptoms appear more severe symptoms such as night sweats weight even if the patient does not do anything activities and also sometimes vomiting blood . Not infrequently it is found buildup of fluid in the lungs . To ensure affected by pulmonary tuberculosis , is the presence of bacteria in sputum under a microscope . If not found , it may need more careful examination with a microscope or microbiological examination . Even more difficult is when the bacteria descend tubh other organs such as the intestines , genitals bone or kidney . Examination will be performed again when people complain about symptoms in organs that have some risk , unmarried state are like most of them are very neglect . Excessive alcohol drinking habit and like to keep changing date , will easily weaken the immune system that make it easier to develop TB germs enter the body tissues of the patient.

HIV is a virus that lowers the body's resistance , the TB germs are being looked for land in the body that are not powerless to spread germs - bacteria themselves . TBC is looking for the body's defenses , which has weakened this as fertile ground for him . Therefore need to pay attention to those who had suffered a pulmonary tuberculosis , but has recovered .

There is a possibility that the TB germs settled in places other organs for years without noticing any symptoms . With the weakening of the immune system due to HIV virus , it is a good opportunity for TB germs to undermine the already weakened body was . With this condition the body existing TB , TB disease should also shorten the time to iron HIV infection and disease germs into AIDS . HIV infection and disease is still slowly growing number of patients from time to time . The dangerous germs that are now already developed in several cities in Indonesia.

How to Treat TB


Tuberculosis or TB is often interpreted as a lung disease , but tuberculosis actually attack all parts of the body . The disease is caused by the tubercle bacillus germs . TB germs can enter the body through the dust is inhaled , or through sneezes and coughs of people who are already sick .

treatment of tuberculosis

1 . in Medical

Number of people with TB disease Indonesia ranks third in the world after China and India . Tuberculosis attacks the most productive age group is an important human resource in the development of the nation . In the year 1940-1960 has been found to anti - tuberculosis drugs ( OAT ) , but TB is still a public health problem , both in Indonesia and around the world . TB treatment takes a long time , ie 6-8 months continuously with OAT and must be done to recover completely , so as to prevent the transmission to others . Eradication of tuberculosis by using OAT collateral package consisting of anti - tuberculosis drugs , namely Isoniazid , Rifampicin , Pyrazinamide , Streptomycin , and Ethambutol .

In 1983 the World Health Organization ( WHO ) promotes Shourtcourse Directly Observed Treatment ( DOTS ) strategy as the most effective way to control the TB epidemic . DOTS strategy is implemented successfully throughout the world and provide a high cure rate . According to the World Bank , the DOTS strategy is the most effective health today . DOTS strategy for tuberculosis eradicate them from the decision-making political commitment , case detection , treatment and the DOTS , OAT sustainable supply of quality , and a reporting system to monitor progress in treatment standards .

OAT generally kidneys and liver . This condition is very burdensome TB patients , because of the function and the function of detoxification detoksikasi experience delays or obstacles , so that work to kill the TB bacteria OAT hampered due to the deteriorating condition of the patient .

2 . By Goat Milk

In addition to medical treatment , patients with TB can be cured by consuming goat milk on a regular basis , but still continue in medical treatment . According to the study , a person who was suffering from tuberculosis who underwent medical treatment coupled with goat milk consumed regularly, after 3 months of inspections conducted , no TB bacteria in his body .

Goat's milk contains a high amount of fluorine with levels 10-100 times higher than those contained in cow's milk . This element is a natural antiseptic that contains elements of prevention of the growth of bacteria in the body . The presence of fluorine will increase endurance and suppresses the activity of bacterial growth , so the TB bacteria are no longer breed .

Goat's milk also contains high sodium . In the case of tuberculosis, one of the trigger is malnutrition . By giving goat milk on a daily basis , sodium contained in it serves to inhibit the malnutrition . Allegedly stating that the TB bacteria can breed in goat milk is not true . This has been proved by Dr. . Bernard Jensen , Ph.D. , an American nutritionis in examining the benefits of goat's milk .

Due to nutritional content , goat milk can help boost the immune system of patients with TB . In addition , flourinnya prevent the acceleration of the development of the tuberculosis bacterium as an antiseptic work , the protection of lung tissue , and kidney and liver . Fat content in goat milk incendiary substance that serves as the patient's body is warm . Thus , goat milk has a double effect , for protection , prevention , as well as healing .

Hyertension

Symptoms of Hypertension High Blood

Diagnosis of hypertension is usually caused because the data is based on a history or family history , risk factors and clinical symptoms experienced by the patient , physical examination , and especially blood pressure checks , as well as laboratory tests and investigations such as chest photos and record heart . Symptoms of high blood hypertension to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension one of which is a history of hypertension in both parents , as this may increase suspicion towards primary hypertension . Age of the patient is also one of the causes of the problem of hypertension .

Usually the symptoms of high blood hypertension is characterized by increased blood pressure which is often the only symptom in essential hypertension . And symptoms such as headaches , nosebleeds , and dizziness , or migraine also often found as one of the symptoms of high blood hypertension . Sometimes essential hypertension is running without any symptoms and is also emerging as a symptom of complications that occur in target organs such as is in the kidneys, brain , and heart .

Symptoms of high blood hypertension can lead to complications and problems may be accompanied by other diseases . The disease usually appears with the same can actually worsen the damage of an organ . Complications one of which is coronary heart disease .

Complications of hypertension with coronary heart disease as a result of the occurrence of calcification that occurs in the walls of coronary arteries . Narrowing that occurs in the heart 's blood vessels hole usually causes a decrease in blood flow problems in some parts of the heart muscle . This can cause pain in the chest pain and can result in impaired heart muscle problems . In fact , it could also contribute to the problem of heart attacks .

Another complication is the problem of heart failure , high blood pressure then forces the heart muscle to work harder to keep the blood pumping . This condition can cause the heart muscle problems later thickened and stretched so that the muscle pump then decreased , and could lead to failure of the heart's work in general .

Symptoms of Hypertension

In most patients , hypertension does not cause symptoms . Although some symptoms inadvertently occur simultaneously and reliably associated with high blood pressure ( when in fact it is not ) . Symptoms of the disease is hypertension include headaches , pendaraqhan of nose , headache , facial flushing , and fatigue . In fact , these symptoms can occur in people with hypertension as well as in a person with normal blood pressure .

If hypertension is severe or chronic and untreated , can result in symptoms of headache , fatigue , nausea , vomiting , shortness of breath , anxiety and blurred vision due to damage to the brain , eyes , heart and kidneys . Symptoms of hypertension vary in each individual and is similar to the symptoms of other diseases . The symptoms are:

headache
Heart palpitations
Trouble breathing after working hard or heavy lifting
Easily tired .
blurred vision
flushed face
nose bleed
Frequent urination , especially at night
Berdening ears ( tinnitus )
Aterasa world spinning ( vertigo )
The best way to make sure symptoms of hypertensive disease is by measuring blood pressure . Blood pressure is the force of blood flow in the blood vessel walls of the heart ( arteries ) and who will return to the heart ( veins) . Because of that , the doctor will check your blood pressure readings of two .


The first reading , a higher figure , is the systolic pressure , the pressure when the heart muscle pumping beats to push blood out through the arteries . The figure shows how strong the heart pumps to push blood through the blood vessel . While the second reading , a lower number or diastolic , when the heart muscle blood berisitirahat let back into the heart . The figure shows how much the resistance of blood vessels to blood flow back to the heart .

Characteristic feature of hypertension
High blood pressure can be affected by several factors . High blood pressure occurs when the blood pressure figures showed 140/90 but the figure is not to be one size for someone who has high blood pressure , in some people there is high blood pressure called pre- hypertension who showed the blood pressure reaches 120/80 and 139/89 . High blood pressure is a risk factor for a carry disease and cause of damage to certain organs , such as diabetes and kidney disease and other diseases , but the most dangerous is the disease brings on heart attacks that may occur suddenly .

The characteristics of high blood pressure or hypertension is usually characterized by an increase in resistance to blood flow throughout the body . According to the American Heart Association or AHA , the American population over the age of 20 years suffer from hypertension has reached up to 74.5 million people , but nearly about 90-95 cases of unknown cause . Although it has been showing symptoms and signs of high blood that can be seen by the presence of various cardiovascular changes which can affect one's health and lead to serious health conditions .

Here are some of the traits of hypertension , among which are :

1 . Presence of insulin resistance

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of high blood pressure . On a study conducted in 2004 by Muhammad F. Saad from a publication in the Journal of Hypertension , insulin resistance or insulin levels are abnormally increased in the blood which is then linked by hypertension , insulin resistance is actually happening in diabetes .

Experts note that this insulinemia or insulin resistance has a close connection with the characteristics of high blood pressure or blood there are those who have type 2 diabetes mellitus . This was based bekalangi by altered glucose and an increase in plasma insulin which results in a negative effect on blood vessel walls .

2 . Left ventricular enlargement

The left ventricular chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping blood to the body's tissues are enlarged are characteristic of high blood pressure (hypertension ) . Increased blood pressure forced the heart work harder and faster than normal to pump blood throughout the body . In addition there is a boost of blood through the blood vessels are narrowed or incurred significant barriers that cause the heart's left ventricle to enlarge or stiff , a condition called left ventricular hypertrophy . If the form of the characteristic features of hypertension left ventricular hypertrophy occurs , it limits the ability of the ventricle to pump blood that can lead to heart attack , heart failure and sudden cardiac death .

3 . Decrease in arterial function

The decrease in arterial function or changes in the structure of blood vessels are the traits of high blood pressure . This makes high blood pressure is difficult to detect . To know high blood pressure is required examination by medical personnel . The characteristics of high blood pressure is difficult to be detected is called arteriosclerosis .

Hypertension or High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure or hypertension is a lot of people refer to it as a condition of the body which increases the blood pressure resulting from an increase in blood pressure kornis (in the long term). Hypertension can also be interpreted as a situation in which the systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg and diastolic above 90 mmHg. Blood pressure is always rising or higher to be one of the risk factors in the onset of a disease such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure and arterial aneurysm, and is a major cause of chronic heart failure.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), high blood pressure is a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and or diastolic pressure equal to or greater 95 mmHg.

As for the classification of high blood pressure in adults is:

Generally mild or moderate hypertension tiddak cause visible symptoms . Hypertension symptoms will arise and be seen if high blood pressure is felt more heavily or on a state of crisis blood pressure itself.

Symptoms of hypertension are more severe and more and felt will show symptoms such as :

- Headache
- Often feel dizzy sometimes very heavy dirasakn
- Abdominal pain
- Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Restless
- Weight loss
- Exit excessive drought
- Epistaxis
- Palpitations
- Poliuri
- Proteinuri
- hematuri
- Or growth retardation

On the symptoms of chronic hypertension will develop symptoms , such as :

- Hypertensive encephalopathy
- hemiplegi
- Penglihatna and Hearing Impaired
- Pareses and facial
- Impairment of consciousness

Symptoms of high blood pressure who entered the stadium and cause chronic or acute symptoms as above , make up some of the hypertensive patients in a coma .

If the physical examination , generally not found any abnormality in addition to the higher blood pressure , but can also be found in the retina of the eye changes , such as hemorrhage , exudate ( fluid collection ) , constriction of blood vessels , and in situations that lead to chronic edema pupils .

Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension
According to doctors, the symptoms of hypertension are usually not felt, so the disease is called silence diaseas. Many people who think it's definitely high blood pressure causing dizziness. Because of the error, not all patients seek treatment, because they do not complain of dizziness. For most healthy people once every year checking blood pressure, being sick every month.

Hypertension is difficult to realize because it has no specific symptoms. However, there are some things that can at least be used as an indicator, because directly related to the physical condition. For example, dizziness or headaches, restlessness, red face, sore neck, irritability, ear berdenggung, insomnia, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizzy eyes, and nosebleeds.


Other symptoms that can be recognized from our tejadinya hypertension in the attack is blurred vision . This occurs due to damage to the brain , eyes , heart , and kidneys . Patients with severe hypertension may experience loss of consciousness and even coma because of brain swelling . Condition called hypertensive encephalopathy that require immediate action .

Hypertension often occurs generally do not cause symptoms are easily recognizable . While blood pressure continues to increase even in periods of time long enough to cause complications presence of a congenital disease of hypertension . Therefore hypertension should always be checked to determine the blood pressure on a regular basis . A person who is said to suffer from high blood pressure checkup in a few days if the blood is known to have blood pressure above 130/90 mmHg .

Hypertension causes the onset of a disease brought on due to high blood pressure such as posing risks to stroke , aneurysm , heart failure , heart attack and kidney failure . Hypertensive disease knows no boundaries of age and gender of a person , everyone has the same risk of hypertension without causing traits or symptoms in advance .

Blood pressure in every one's life varies naturally . Infants and children who normally also have blood pressure much lower than adults . Blood pressure is influenced by several factors such as physical activity daily , will experience an increase in blood pressure when doing daily activities and will decrease when resting . Blood pressure can rise when in the morning and will be lower when sleep / rest at night .

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